valerie plame
Valerie Plame
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Valerie Plame Wilson
Born Valerie Elise Plame
April 19, 1963 (1963-04-19) (age 44)
Anchorage, Alaska
Occupation former CIA officer (November 9, 1985 � December 9, 2005)
Spouse Joseph C. Wilson IV (3 April 1998)
Children two
Parents Diane and Samuel Plame
[1][2][3][4][5]
Valerie Elise Plame Wilson (born Valerie Elise Plame 19 April 1963, in Anchorage, Alaska), known as Valerie Plame, Valerie E. Wilson, and Valerie Plame Wilson, is a former United States CIA officer who worked as a classified covert intelligence agent for over twenty years and the wife of former Ambassador Joseph C. Wilson, IV.[1][2][3][4][5][6]
On 14 July 2003 Robert Novak identified "Wilson's wife" publicly as "an agency operative on weapons of mass destruction" named "Valerie Plame" in his syndicated column in The Washington Post.[7] In that column Novak was responding to an "op-ed" entitled "What I Didn't Find in Africa," written by former Ambassador Wilson and published in the New York Times the previous week, on July 6, 2003. In his op-ed, former Ambassador Wilson states that the George W. Bush administration exaggerated unreliable claims that Iraq intended to purchase uranium yellowcake to support the administration's arguments that Iraq was proliferating weapons of mass destruction so as to justify its preemptive war in Iraq.[8]
Novak's public disclosure of Mrs. Wilson's then-still-classified covert CIA identity as "Valerie Plame" led to a CIA leak grand jury investigation, resulting in the indictment and successful prosecution of Lewis Libby in United States v. Libby for perjury, obstruction of justice, and making false statements to federal investigators, in the Wilsons' civil lawsuit (Plame v. Cheney) against current and former government officials (dismissed on July 19, 2007 in U.S. District Court in a decision appealed the next day), and in continuing related controversy.
The controversy related to the leak of Plame's identity and subsequent legal and political action is sometimes referred to as the Plame Affair.
Contents
1 Personal History
1.1 Early family life
1.2 Education
1.3 Marriage and family
2 Career
3 Judicial and legislative actions pertaining to "Plamegate"
3.1 CIA leak grand jury investigation
3.2 Libby trial
3.3 The Wilsons' civil suit: Plame v. Cheney
3.4 House Oversight Committee hearing
4 Valerie Wilson's memoir, "Fair Game"
5 See also
6 Notes
7 References
8 External links
[edit] Personal History
[edit] Early family life
Valerie Elise Plame was born on April 19, 1963 on Elmendorf Air Force Base, in Anchorage, Alaska, to Diane and Samuel Plame.[2][9]
Growing up in "a military family ... imbued her with a sense of public duty"; her father was a lieutenant colonel in the United States Air Force, who worked for the National Security Agency for three years, and, according to her "close friend Janet Angstadt," her parents "are the type who are still volunteering for the Red Cross and Meals on Wheels in the Philadelphia suburb where they live," having moved to that area while Plame was still in school.[10]
[edit] Education
She graduated in 1981 from Lower Moreland High School, in Huntingdon Valley, Pennsylvania, and in 1985 from Pennsylvania State University with a B.A. in advertising.[10] While a student at Penn State, she worked for the business division of its student newspaper, The Daily Collegian.[10] By 1991, Plame earned two Master's degrees, from the London School of Economics and Political Science and the College of Europe (Collège d'Europe), in Bruges, Belgium, respectively.[2][10] In addition to English, she speaks French, German, and Greek.[10]
[edit] Marriage and family
In 1997, while she was working for the CIA, Plame met former Ambassador Joseph C. Wilson IV "at a reception in Washington ... at the residence of the Turkish Ambassador."[11] Unable to reveal her CIA role to Wilson on their first date, initially she told him that she was an energy trader in Brussels, and he thought that she was "an up-and-coming international executive."[12] After they began dating and became "close," Plame revealed her employment with the CIA to Wilson (Wilson, Politics of Truth 242).[12] They were married on April 3, 1998 (Wilson, Politics of Truth 273).
Professionally and socially, she has used variants of her name. Professionally, while a covert CIA officer, she used her given first name and her maiden surname, "Valerie Plame." Since leaving the CIA, as a speaker, she has used the name "Valerie Plame Wilson," and she is referred to by that name in the civil suit that the Wilsons brought against former and current government officials, Plame v. Cheney.[2] Socially, and in public records of her political contributions, since her marriage to former Ambassador Joseph C. Wilson, IV, in 1998, as Mrs. Joseph C. Wilson, she has used the name "Valerie E. Wilson."
At the time that they met, Wilson relates in his memoir, he was separated from his second wife Jacqueline, a former French diplomat; they divorced after twelve years of marriage so that he could marry Valerie Plame. His divorce from Jacqueline had been "delayed because I was never in one place long enough to complete the process," though he and she had already been living separate lives since the mid-'90s. [13] Plame and Wilson are the parents of twins, Trevor Rolph and Samantha Finnell Diana, born in January 2000. From his first marriage (1973-1986), to Susan Dale Otchis, Wilson is also the father of another set of twins (also a boy and a girl), Sabrina Cecile and Joseph Charles, who were born in 1975.
Prior to the disclosure of her classified CIA identity, Valerie and Joe Wilson and their twins lived in the Palisades, an affluent neighborhood of Washington, D.C., on the fringe of Georgetown.[10] After she resigned from the CIA following the disclosure, in January 2006, they moved to Santa Fe, New Mexico.[14][3]
[edit] Career
Soon after graduation from Penn State, Plame moved to Washington, D.C.,[10] where she worked at a clothing store, biding her time, while awaiting the results of her application to the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).[2][10] She was accepted into the 1985-86 CIA officer training class, beginning her training for what became a twenty-year career with the Agency.[3] Although the CIA will not release publicly the specific dates from 1985 to 2002 when she worked for it, due to security concerns,[15][3] Special Counsel Patrick Fitzgerald affirmed that Plame "was a CIA officer from January 1st, 2002, forward" and that "her association with the CIA was classified at that time through July 2003.[16]Due to the nature of her clandestine work for the CIA, many details about Plame's professional career are still classified, but it is documented that she worked for the CIA in a clandestine capacity relating to counter-proliferation.[17][4][5] While using her own name, "Valerie Plame," her assignments required posing in various professional roles in order to gather intelligence more effectively.[18][19][20] Two of her covers include serving as a junior consular officer in the early 1990s in Athens and then later an energy analyst for the private company (founded in 1994) "Brewster Jennings & Associates", which the CIA later acknowledged was a front company for certain investigations.[21]
John Crewdson, senior correspondent for the Chicago Tribune, notes that a former senior diplomat in Athens remembered Plame in her dual role and also recalled "that she served as one of the 'control officers' coordinating the visit of President George H.W. Bush to Greece and Turkey in July 1991."[22] After the Gulf War in 1991, the CIA sent her first to the London School of Economics and then the College of Europe, in Bruges, for Master's degrees. After earning the second one, she stayed on in Brussels, where she began her next assignment under cover as an "energy consultant" for Brewster-Jennings.[10] Beginning in 1997, Plame's primary assignment was shifted to the CIA headquarters in Langley, Virginia.
She married Joseph Wilson in 1998 and gave birth to their twins in 2000,[23] and resumed travel overseas in 2001, 2002, and 2003 "as part of her cover job. She met with folks who worked in the nuclear industry, cultivated sources, and managed spies. She was a national security asset until exposed. . . ."[24]
Part of her work during this time, according to David Corn and Michael Isikoff, appears to have been concerned with determining the use of aluminum tubes purchased by Iraq. [25] CIA analysts prior to the Iraq invasion were quoted by the White House as believing that Iraq was trying to acquire nuclear weapons and that these aluminum tubes could be used in a centrifuge for nuclear enrichment.[26][27] but Isikoff and Corn argue that the undercover work being done by Mrs. Wilson and her CIA colleagues in the Directorate of Central Intelligence Nonproliferation Center strongly contradicted such a claim.[25]
Novak's disclosures in his column, which resulted in Mrs. Wilson's public outing on 14 July 2003, ended her career with the CIA, from which she later resigned in December 2005.[28][29]
Although court affadivits of the Special Counsel Patrick Fitzgerald and exhibits pursuant to later U.S. Congressional investigations ascertain otherwise, some in the media questioned whether or not the CIA still considered Plame a "covert" agent��that is, the precise nature of her "classified" status or the type of "cover" that she had and whether or not it was "official" or "non-official"��at the time she was outed in the Novak column of July 14, 2003.[30] But official legal documents published in the course of the CIA leak grand jury investigation, United States v. Libby, and Congressional investigations fully establish Mrs. Wilson's classified employment as a covert officer for the CIA at the time that Novak's column was published in July 2003.[29][31][32]
[edit] Judicial and legislative actions pertaining to "Plamegate"
Flow of Valerie Plame InformationMain article: CIA leak grand jury investigation
Main article: Plame affair
Further information: Plame affair criminal investigation
[edit] CIA leak grand jury investigation
In his press conference of October 28, 2005, Special Counsel Fitzgerald explained in considerable detail the necessity of "secrecy" about his Grand Jury investigation that began in the fall of 2003��"when it was clear that Valerie Wilson's cover had been blown"��and the background and consequences of the indictment of Lewis Libby as it pertains to Valerie E. Wilson.[33]
Fitzgerald's subsequent replies to reporters' questions shed further light on the parameters of the "leak investigation" and what, as its lead prosecutor, bound by "the rules of grand jury secrecy," he could and could not reveal legally at the time.[33] Official court documents released later, on April 5, 2006, reveal that Libby testified that "he was specifically authorized in advance" of his meeting with New York Times reporter Judith Miller to disclose the "key judgments" of the October 2002 classified National Intelligence Estimate (NIE). According to Libby's testimony, "the Vice President later advised him that the President had authorized defendant to disclose the relevant portions of the NIE [to Judith Miller]."[34] According to his testimony, the information that Libby was authorized to disclose to Miller "was intended to rebut the allegations of an administration critic, former ambassador Joseph Wilson." A couple of days after Libby's meeting with Miller, Condoleezza Rice told reporters, "We don't want to try to get into kind of selective declassification" of the NIE, adding "We're looking at what can be made available."[35] A "sanitized version" of the NIE in question was officially declassified on July 18, 2003, ten days after Libby's contact with Miller, and was presented at a White House background briefing on weapons of mass destruction (WMD) in Iraq.[36] The NIE contains no references to Valerie Plame or her CIA status, but the Special Counsel has suggested that White House actions were part of "a plan to discredit, punish or seek revenge against Mr. Wilson."[37] President Bush had previously indicated that he would fire whoever outed Plame.[35]
A court filing by Libby's defense team argued that Valerie Plame was not foremost on the minds of administration officials as they sought to rebut charges made by her husband, Joseph Wilson, that the White House manipulated intelligence to make a case for invasion. The filing indicated that Libby's lawyers did not intend to say he was told to reveal Plame's identity.[38] The court filing also stated that "Mr. Libby plans to demonstrate that the indictment is wrong when it suggests that he and other government officials viewed Ms. Wilson's role in sending her husband to Africa as important," indicating that Libby's lawyers planned to call Karl Rove to the stand. According to Rove's lawyer, Fitzgerald has decided against pressing charges against Rove.[28]
The five-count indictment of Libby included perjury (two counts), obstruction of justice (one count), and making false statements to federal investigators (two counts).
[edit] Libby trial
Main article: United States v. Libby
On March 6, 2007, Libby was convicted of obstruction of justice, making false statements, and two counts of perjury. He was acquitted on one count of making false statements. His sentence included a $250,000 fine, 30 months in prison and two years of probation. On July 2, 2007, President George W. Bush commuted Libby's sentence, removing the jail term but leaving in place the fine and probation, calling the sentence "excessive."[39][40] In a subsequent press conference, on July 12, 2007, President Bush noted, "...the Scooter Libby decision was, I thought, a fair and balanced decision."[41] The Wilsons responded to the commutation in statements posted by their legal counsel, Melanie Sloan, executive director of Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington (CREW), and on their own legal support website.
See also: Joseph C. Wilson#Wilson's reactions to the Libby trial and commutation
[edit] The Wilsons' civil suit: Plame v. Cheney
Main article: Plame v. Cheney
On July 13, 2006, Joseph and Valerie Wilson filed a civil lawsuit against Dick Cheney, I. Lewis "Scooter" Libby, Karl Rove, and other unnamed senior White House officials (among whom they later added Richard Armitage[42]) for their role in the public disclosure of Valerie Wilson's classified CIA status.[43] Judge John D. Bates dismissed the Wilson's lawsuit on jurisdictional grounds on July 19, 2007;[44][45][46][47] the Wilsons have since appealed.[48]
[edit] House Oversight Committee hearing
On March 8, 2007, two days after the verdict in the Libby trial, Congressman Henry Waxman, chair of the U.S. House Committee on Government Reform, announced that his committee would ask Valerie E. Wilson to testify on March 16, in an effort by his committee to look into "whether White House officials followed appropriate procedures for safeguarding Plame's identity."[49][50]
On March 16, 2007, at these hearings about the disclosure, Chairman Henry Waxman read a statement about Plame's CIA career that had been cleared by CIA director Gen. Michael V. Hayden and the CIA, stating that Wilson was under cover and that her employment status with the CIA was classified information prohibited from disclosure under Executive Order 12958. Wilson served in senior management positions at the CIA, in which she oversaw the work of other CIA employees, and in her various positions at the CIA, had faced significant risks to her personal safety and her life.[31]
Subsequent reports in various news accounts focused on the following parts of her testimony:
"My name and identity were carelessly and recklessly abused by senior government officials in the White House and state department"; this abuse occurred for "purely political reasons."[51]
After her identity was exposed by officials in the Bush administration, she had to leave the CIA: "I could no longer perform the work for which I had been highly trained."[52]
She did not select her husband for a CIA fact-finding trip to Niger, but an officer senior to her selected him and told her to ask her husband if he would consider it: "I did not recommend him. I did not suggest him. There was no nepotism involved. I did not have the authority...."[52][53][54]
[edit] Valerie Wilson's memoir, "Fair Game"
On the evening of the verdict in the Libby trial (March 6, 2007), Joseph C. Wilson appeared on Larry King Live, during which he announced that he and his wife had "signed a deal with Warner Bros of Hollywood to offer their consulting services - or maybe more - in the making of the forthcoming movie about the Libby trial," their lives and the CIA leak scandal.[55] According to an article by Michael Fleming published in Variety earlier in the week, the feature film, a co-production between Weed Road's Akiva Goldsman and Jerry and Janet Zucker of Zucker Productions with a screenplay by Jez and John Butterworth to be based in part on Valerie Wilson's forthcoming book "Fair Game" (contingent on CIA clearances) originally scheduled for release in August 2007.[56]
Copyright ?1997 - 2007, Simon & Schuster, Inc.In May 2006, the New York Times reported that Valerie Wilson agreed to a $2.5 million book deal with Crown Publishing Group, a division of Random House. As reported initially, her memoir, currently entitled "Fair Game: My Life as a Spy, My Betrayal by the White House," has been scheduled for publication in fall 2007 (release date: October 22, 2007). Steve Ross, senior vice president and publisher of Crown, told the Times that the book would be Mrs. Wilson's "first airing of her actual role in the American intelligence community, as well as the prominence of her role in the lead-up to the war."[57] Subsequently, the New York Times reported that the book deal fell through and that Mrs. Wilson was in exclusive negotiations with Simon and Schuster.[58] Ultimately, Simon and Schuster publicly confirmed the book deal, though not the financial terms and, at first, no set publication date.[59][25]
On May 31, 2007, various news media reported that Simon and Schuster and Valerie Wilson were suing J. Michael McConnell, Director of National Intelligence, and Michael V. Hayden, Director of the CIA, arguing that the CIA "is unconstitutionally interfering with the publication of her memoir, Fair Game, which is set to be published in October [2007], by not allowing Plame to mention the dates she served in the CIA, even though those dates are public information."[60][61]
"Although that information is set out in an unclassified letter to Ms. Wilson [relating to her retirement] that has been published in the Congressional Record [and subsequently circulated widely]," according to Adam Liptak in The New York Times, "the C.I.A. insists that her dates of service remain classified and may not be mentioned in 'Fair Game,' the memoir Ms. Wilson hopes to publish in October. ... The C.I.A. has been adamant in refusing to confirm the dates or details of Ms. Wilson's service before 2002."[15]
On August 3, 2007, Liptak reported that Judge Barbara S. Jones, of the United States District Court for the District of New York, in Manhattan, had decided that Mrs. Wilson would not be able to state in her memoir precisely the dates that she had worked for the CIA, even though they are already published in documents in the public domain:
The C.I.A. has publicly acknowledged only that Ms. Wilson worked there from 2002 to January 2006, when she resigned.
But a February 2006 letter from the C.I.A. to Ms. Wilson about her retirement benefits said that she had worked for the agency since Nov. 9, 1985, for a total of "20 years, 7 days," including "six years, one month and 29 days of overseas service." The letter was published in the Congressional Record in connection with proposed legislation concerning Ms. Wilson's benefits, and it remains available on the Library of Congress's Web site.
Judge Jones acknowledged that the C.I.A. "does not contest that the information is, in fact, in the public domain," adding that "the public may draw whatever conclusions it might from the fact that the information at issue was sent on C.I.A. letterhead by the chief of retirement and insurance services."[3]
According to Liptak, "The C.I.A. apparently had no significant objections to the manuscript beyond the dispute over how long Ms. Wilson worked for it. In a December 2006 letter quoted in Judge Jones's decision, the agency's publication review board said the manuscript was "replete with statements" that "become classified when they are linked with a specific time frame.", but it has cleared the way for her to publish her memoir otherwise in the autumn of 2007."[3]
The week after the scheduled release of her memoir (October 22, 2007), on October 28, 2007, Valerie Plame Wilson will be the keynote speaker of the Fourth Annual Vermont Woman Newspaper Lecture Series, in South Burlington, Vermont, speaking on the topic "Taking Back the White House in an Abuse of Public Trust" and answering questions following her presentation.[62]
She is also scheduled to deliver a lecture based on "Fair Game" as part of Voices: Contemporary Lectures: The Northwest's Foremost Women's Lecture Series, in Portland, Oregon, on November 14, 2007.[63]
[edit] See also
National Clandestine Service
[edit] Notes
^ a b "Fair Game: My Life as a Spy, My Betrayal by the White House".
^ a b c d e f "Valerie Plame Wilson: 'Outed' Former CIA Agent: Exclusive Representation by Greater Talent Network". Accessed July 10, 2007. (Official biography listed in Speaker's Bureau of Greater Talent Network Inc.).
^ a b c d e f g Adam Liptak, "Judge Backs C.I.A. in Suit On Memoir", The New York Times August 3, 2007, accessed August 11, 2007. (TimesSelect subscription required for archived articles.)
^ a b c "Unclassified Summary of Valerie Wilson's CIA Employment and Cover History"PDF (2.63 MiB), "Exhibit A" in sentencing memorandum exhibits, United States v. Libby, online posting of public document, The Next Hurrah (blog), May 26, 2007: 2-3.
^ a b c Cf. "Valerie Plame, Covert After All" ("Though some on the right have denied it, Plame was a covert CIA operative when she was exposed by Robert Novak. Read the document that proves It."), Salon, May 30, 2007, accessed August 12, 2007. Includes screen shots of the PDF (three pages).
^ Richard Leiby, "Valerie Plame, the Spy Who Got Shoved Out into the Cold", The Washington Post, October 29, 2005, accessed August 22, 2007.
^ Robert D. Novak, "Mission to Niger", The Washington Post, July 14, 2003, A21, accessed 8 July 2007.
^ Joseph C. Wilson IV, "What I Didn't Find in Africa", The New York Times, July 6, 2003, accessed July 9, 2007; rpt. as "What I Didn't Find in Africa", Common Dreams NewsCenter, July 6, 2002, accessed July 9, 2007.
^ Associated Press, "The Real Valerie Plame", reposted in Editor and Publisher, May 30, 2005, accessed August 12, 2007.
^ a b c d e f g h i Vicky Ward,"Double Exposure: As White House Powerhouse Karl Rove Becomes Increasingly Entangled in the C.I.A. Officer-outing Affair, VF.com Reprises This January 2004 Article on the Iraq-weapons Controversy That Embroiled Former Ambassador Joseph Wilson and His Wife, Valerie Plame―Both of Whom Opened Up to Vanity Fair", Vanity Fair, January 2004, rpt. vanityfair.com, accessed July 10, 2007 (11 pages). Cf. Vicky Ward, "Double Exposure: Former Ambassador Joseph C. Wilson and His Wife, C.I.A. Operative Valerie Plame, Are at the Center of Controversy Over President Bush's Bogus Claim, in Last Year's State of the Union Address, That Saddam Had Tried to Buy Uranium in Africa", AccessMyLibrary, January 1, 2004, accessed July 10, 2007(original text; free access to full text with registration on site).
^ Wilson, Joseph C. The Politics of Truth: Inside the Lies that Led to War and Betrayed my Wife's CIA Identity: A Diplomat's Memoir. New York: Carroll & Graf, 2004. Paperback ed., 2005. ISBN 0-7867-1551-0. p. 240.
^ a b Christopher Goffard, "Valerie Plame: Smart, Private, 'Waltons' Fan", St. Petersburg Times, August 8, 2005, accessed July 15, 2006.
^ Wilson, Joseph C., IV. The Politics of Truth: Inside the Lies that Led to War and Betrayed my Wife's CIA Identity: A Diplomat's Memoir. New York: Carroll & Graf, 2004. Paperback ed., 2005. ISBN 0-7867-1551-0. p. 242
^ Andrew Buncombe and Joe Wilson, "The Valerie Plame Case: My Wife, the CIA Agent, by Joe Wilson", The Independent, March 18, 2007, accessed August 7, 2007. (Interview.)
^ a b Adam Liptak, "Valerie Wilson Sues CIA Over Memoir", The New York Times, May 31, 2007, accessed June 10, 2007 (TimesSelect subscription required for archived articles).
^ "Transcript of Special Counsel Fitzgerald's Press Conference", Washington Post, October 28, 2005, accessed July 15, 2006.
^ Patrick Fitzgerald, "August 27, 2004 Affadavit of Patrick J. Fitzgerald Placed in Public File Pursuant to Opinion Released February 3, 2006", online posting, The Wall Street Journal, February 3, 2006: 28 n. 15, accessed August 7, 2007.
^ Larry C. Johnson, "The Big Lie about Valerie Plame", tpmcafe.com (Special Guest blog), June 13, 2005, accessed July 15, 2006. (Johnson is "a former CIA analyst who was in Plame's officer training class in 1985-86" and Deputy Director for Special Operations, Transportation Security, and Anti-Terrorism Assistance in the U.S. State Department's Office of Counter Terrorism until October 1993.)
^ Michael Duffy and Timothy J. Burger, "NOC, NOC. Who's There? A Special Kind of Agent", Time, October 19, 2003, accessed September 25, 2006.
^ Richard Leiby and Dana Priest, "The Spy Next Door: Valerie Wilson, Ideal Mom, Was Also the Ideal Cover", Washington Post, October 8, 2003: A01, accessed October 31, 2006.
^ Carolyn Kuhn, "Libby Trial: Plame, Brewster, Ellmann, Edwards, Dennehy, Jennings: Not Secret?", dc.indymedia.org (Washington, D.C. "newswire"), January 31, 2007, accessed May 5, 2007.
^ John Crewdson, "Plame's identity, if truly a secret, was thinly veiled," Chicago Tribune March 11, 2006, accessed September 25, 2006.
^ Mark Memmott, "CIA 'outing' Might Fall Short of Crime", USA Today, July 14, 2005, accessed September 25, 2006.
^ Larry C. Johnson, "Is Max Boot Using Oxycontin?" No Quarter (blog), November 2, 2005, accessed July 15, 2006. See also Nicholas D. Kristof, "Secrets of the Scandal", New York Times October 11, 2003.
^ a b c David Corn, "What Valerie Plame Really Did at the CIA", The Nation (web only), September 6, 2006. citing information in the book Hubris: The Inside Story of Spin, Scandal, and the Selling of the Iraq War, co-written by Corn and Michael Isikoff.
^ Attachment A: Unclassified Report to Congress on the Acquisition of Technology Relating to Weapons of Mass Destruction and Advanced Conventional Munitions, 1 July Through 31 December 200[2], Office of the Directorate of Central Intelligence (ODCI), CIA, Dec. 2002, accessed October 27, 2006.
^ Unclassified Report to Congress: on the Acquisition of Technology Relating to Weapons of Mass Destruction and Advanced Conventional Munitions, 1 January Through 30 June 2002, Office of the Directorate of Central Intelligence (ODCI), CIA, June 2002, accessed October 27, 2006.
^ a b John Solomon, "Rove Learned CIA Agent's Name from Novak", USA Today, July 15, 2005, accessed July 15, 2006.
^ a b Joel Seidman (Producer, NBC News), "Plame Was 'covert' Agent at Time of Name Leak: Newly Released Unclassified Document Details CIA Employment", MSNBC, May 29, 2007, accessed August 10, 2007.
^ Bill Gertz, "CIA Officer Named Prior to Column", Washington Times, July 22, 2004, accessed July 15, 2006.
^ a b "Statement of Rep. Henry A. Waxman, Chairman"PDF (156 KiB), "Committee on Oversight and Government Reform Hearing on Disclosure of CIA Agent Valerie Plame Wilson's ldentity and White House Procedures for Safeguarding Classified Information", online posting, U.S. House Committee on Government Reform, oversight.house.gov, March 16, 2007: 2, accessed March 19, 2007
^ "Investigations: Disclosure of CIA Agent Identity" and "Disclosure of CIA Agent Identity: Hearing Examines Exposure of Covert CIA Agent Valerie Plame Wilson's Identity", U.S. House Committee on Government Reform (Oversight Committee), March 16, 2007, accessed July 10, 2007. (Hyperlinks in menu, including streaming video of hearing; box with "Documents and Links", featuring documents chart "Disclosures of Valerie Plame Wilson's Classified CIA Employment"PDF (35.9 KiB).)
^ a b "Transcript of Special Counsel Fitzgerald's Press Conference", Washington Post, October 28, 2005, accessed July 15, 2006
^ "U.S. vs. I. Lewis Libby"PDF (200 KiB), as posted online in The Smoking Gun (blog), April 5, 2006, accessed July 15, 2006.
^ a b Michael Isikoff, "The Leaker in Chief?" Newsweek, April 4, 2006, accessed July 15, 2006.
^ "Iraq's Continuing Programs for Weapons of Mass Destruction," fas.org (blog), accessed July 15, 2006.
^ David E. Sanger, "Special Prosecutor Links White House to CIA Leak", San Francisco Gate (blog), April 11, 2006, accessed July 15, 2006.
^ "'Scooter' Won't Play Plame Blame Game", New York Post, April 14, 2006, accessed July 15, 2006.
^ Grant of Executive Clemency
^ Statement by the President on Executive Clemency for Lewis Libby
^ Press Conference by the President, July 12, 2007, accessed August 11, 2007.
^ "Armitage Added to Plame Law Suit", CBS News, September 13, 2006, accessed September 25, 2006; includes PDF. Cf. Amended complaint at FindLaw.com.
^ Proskauer Rose LLP, "Valerie Plame Wilson and Ambassador Joseph Wilson Initiate a Civil Action Against Vice President Cheney, Karl Rove, and Scooter Libby for Violations of their Constitutional and Other Legal Rights", Yahoo Business Wire (Press Release), July 13, 2006, accessed July 15, 2006; cf. "Lame Plame Game Flames Out"PDF (41.8 KiB), rpt. in How Appealing (blog), July 13, 2006, accessed July 15. 2006.
^ Associated Press, "Valerie Plame's Lawsuit Dismissed", USA Today, July 19, 2007, accessed 19 July 2007.
^ "Judge Tosses Out Ex-Spy's Lawsuit Against Cheney in CIA Leak Case", CNN.com, July 19, 2007, accessed July 19, 2007.
^ Carol D. Leonnig, "Plame's Lawsuit Against Top Officials Dismissed", The Washington Post, 20 July 2007, accessed 20 July 2007.
^ "Memorandum Opinon", in "Valerie Wilson, et al., Plaintiffs, v. I. Lewis Libby, Jr., et al., Defendants", "Civil Action No. 06-1258 (JDB)", United States District Court for the District of Columbia, 19 July 2007, accessed 20 July 2007.
^ Joseph and Valerie Wilson Legal Support Trust Home Page, [July 20, 2007], accessed July 27, 2007. Cf. "Statement on Ambassador Joseph and Valerie Wilsons' Appeal Filed on July 20", Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington (CREW), July 20, 2007, accessed July 27, 2007.
^ Reuters, "Plame to Testify to Congress on Leak", The Washington Post, March 9, 2007, accessed March 19, 2007.
^ "Disclosure of CIA Identity", online posting, U.S. House Committee on Government Reform, oversight.house.gov, March 16, 2007, accessed March 19, 2007.
^ "Outed CIA Agent Criticises White House Officials", The Guardian March 16, 2007, accessed March 19, 2007.
^ a b Richard Allen Greene, "Ex-spy Makes Tough Bush Critic", BBC News, March 16, 2007, accessed March 19, 2007.
^ Julie Hirschfeld Davis (Associated Press),"Plame Sheds Little Light in Leak Case", ABC News, March 16, 2007, accessed March 19, 2007.
^ Cf. Darlene Superville, "Plame Shows Theatrical Side of Congress", ABC News, March 17, 2007, accessed March 19, 2007.
^ Matt Frei, "Washington diary: Libby, the Movie", BBC News (Washington), March 7, 2007, accessed March 18, 2007; cf. transcript of Larry King interview with Joseph C. Wilson, "Ex-Cheney Aide Found Guilty", Larry King Live, CNN, broadcast March 6, 2007, accessed March 18, 2007.
^ Michael Fleming, "Plame Film in Works at Warner Bros.: Studio Sets Movie about CIA Leak Scandal", March 1, 2007, accessed March 18, 2007.
^ Motoko Rich, "Valerie Plame Gets Book Deal", New York Times, May 5, 2006, accessed July 15, 2006.
^ Motoko Rich, Plame Gets Book Deal", New York Times, June 1, 2006, accessed June 7, 2006.
^ Hillel Italie (Associated Press), "Ex-CIA Officer Finds New Memoir Publisher", The Mercury News July 13, 2006, accessed July 15, 2006. (Free registration required.)
^ "Valerie Plame Wilson Suing CIA", WNBC (Channel 4, New York City), May 31, 2007, accessed June 10, 2007.
^ Kimberly Maul, "Simon and Schuster and Valerie Plame Wilson Sue CIA", The Book Standard, May 31, 2007, accessed June 10, 2007.
^ Suzanne Gillis, "Publisher's Message: Outed CIA Spy, Valerie Plame Wilson, to Be Next Vermont Woman Speaker", Vermont Woman, August 2007, accessed August 22, 2007. [Featured photograph depicts Suzanne Gillis, publisher of Vermont Woman and author of this "Publisher's Message", not Valerie Plame Wilson.]
^ "Valerie Plame Wilson: Wednesday, November 14, 2007, Fair Game", announcement of lecture, Voices: Contemporary Lectures: The Northwest's Foremost Women's Lecture Series, Portland, Oregon, accessed August 12, 2007.
[edit] References
Amended Complaint. FindLaw.com, September 13, 2006.
"AP falsely reported Wilson 'acknowledged his wife was no longer in an undercover job' when her identity was first publicly leaked". Media Matters for America. July 15, 2005. Accessed September 24, 2006.
"Armitage's Leak Poses More Questions". Townhall.com, September 8, 2006. Accessed June 17, 2007.
"End of an Affair: It Turns Out That the Person Who Exposed CIA Agent Valerie Plame Was Not Out to Punish Her Husband". The Washington Post, September 1, 2006.
Corn, David. "Explosive New Rove Revelation Coming Soon? Update: It's Here". The Huffington Post (blog), July 9, 2005. Accessed September 24, 2006.
���. "Toensing and WSJ: Corn Outed Plame (Here We Go Again)". DavidCorn.com (journalist's blog), September 15, 2006. Accessed November 20, 2006. (Reply to Toensing.)
���. "What Valerie Plame Really Did at the CIA". The Nation (web only). September 6, 2006. Accessed September 24, 2006.
���. "A White House Smear". The Nation (Capital Games blog), July 16, 2006. Accessed September 24, 2006.
Crewdson, John. "Internet Blows CIA Cover". The Chicago Tribune, March 13, 2006. Accessed November 16, 2006. (See reply by Johnson, "Valerie's Thinly-Veiled Cover.")
���. "Plame's Identity, If Truly a Secret, Was Thinly Veiled". The Chicago Tribune, March 11, 2006. Accessed September 25, 2006. (See reply by Johnson, "Valerie's Thinly-Veiled Cover.")
Ensor, David, et al. "Novak: 'No great crime' with Leak". Inside Politics on CNN. CNN.com, October 1, 2003. Accessed September 24, 2006.
Finn, Ed. "How Deep Is CIA Cover?" Slate, September 30, 2003. Accessed November 16, 2006.
Isikoff, Michael. "Leak Investigation: The Russert Deal―What It Reveals". Newsweek, August 1, 2006. Accessed November 13, 2006.
���. "Matt Cooper's Source: What Karl Rove Told Time Magazine's Reporter". Newsweek June 18, 2005. Accessed November 13, 2006.
���, and David Corn. Hubris: The Inside Story of Spin, Scandal, and the Selling of the Iraq War. New York: Crown, 2006 (September 8). ISBN 0-307-34681-1.
Johnson, Larry C. "Fighting Rove's Gang of Bullies: A Former CIA Analyst Speaks Up in the Hopes of Freeing His Former Colleague, Valerie Plame, from the RNC's 'malicious smear campaign'". AlterNet, July 25, 2005. Accessed June 19, 2007.
���. "Valerie's Thinly-Veiled Cover". No Quarter (blog), March 13, 2006. Accessed November 19, 2006. (Reply to Crewdson.)
Johnston, David, and Richard W. Stevenson, with David E. Sanger. "Rove Reportedly Held Phone Talk on C.I.A. Officer". The New York Times, July 15, 2005. Accessed November 16, 2006. (TimesSelect subscription required.)
Kincaid, Cliff. "AIM Column: Why Judith Miller Should Stay In Jail". Accuracy In Media, July 11, 2005. Accessed June 19, 2007.
Leiby, Richard. "Valerie Plame, the Spy Who Got Shoved Out into the Cold". The Washington Post, October 29, 2005. Accessed August 22, 2007.
Leonnig, Carol D. "Papers Say Leak Probe Is Over". Washington Post, April 6, 2005: A12.
Novak, Robert. "Armitage's Leak". The Washington Post, September 13, 2006. Accessed September 24, 2006.
���. "Mission to Niger". The Washington Post, July 14, 2003. Accessed September 24, 2006.
���. "My Role in Plamegate". Online posting. RealClearPolitics.com (blog), July 12, 2006. Accessed September 25, 2006.
Parry, Robert. "New Clues in the Plame Mystery". ConsortiumNews.com, September 15, 2006. Accessed November 8, 2006.
Pincus, Walter, and Mike Allen. "Leak of Agent's Name Causes Exposure of CIA Front Firm". The Washington Post, October 4, 2003: A03.
Smyth, Frank. CPJ Statement: Commentary: U.S. Sends the Wrong Message to the World". IFEX (International Freedom of Expression Exchange), June 30, 2005, updated July 1, 2005. Accessed September 24, 2006.
Toensing, Victoria. "The Plame Kerfuffle: What a Load of Armitage! What Did Patrick Fitzgerald Know, and When Did He Know It?" The Wall Street Journal, September 15, 2006, Editorial. Accessed November 20, 2006. (Reply by Corn, "Toensing and WSJ.")
Waas, Murray S., with research assistance by Thomas Lang. "Plame Gate: Did Robert Novak Willfully Disregard Warnings That His Column Would Endanger Valerie Plame? Our Sources Say 'Yes'". American Prospect, February 12, 2004. Accessed September 25, 2006. (Web-exclusive feature article.)
Waas, Murray "Exclusive: Plame Game Over?" American Prospect, April 6, 2005. Accessed Sept. 10, 2007.
Waas, Murray "Cheney Authorized Libby to Leak Classified Information" National Journal, Feb. 9 2006. Accessed Sept. 10, 2007.
Ward, Vicky. "Double Exposure: As White House Powerhouse Karl Rove Becomes Increasingly Entangled in the C.I.A. Officer-outing Affair, VF.com Reprises This January 2004 Article on the Iraq-weapons Controversy That Embroiled Former Ambassador Joseph Wilson and His Wife, Valerie Plame―Both of Whom Opened Up to Vanity Fair". Vanity Fair, January 2004. Rpt. vanityfair.com. Accessed July 10, 2007. (11 pages.)
Wheeler, Marcy. Anatomy of Deceit: How the Bush Administration Used the Media to Sell the Iraq War and Out a Spy. Berkeley: Vaster Books (Dist. by Publishers Group West), 2007. ISBN 0-979-17610-7 (10). ISBN 978-0979-17610-4 (13).
"White House Counsel Questioned in CIA Leak". Las Vegas Sun, June 18, 2004.
Wilson, Joseph C., IV. The Politics of Truth: Inside the Lies that Led to War and Betrayed My Wife's CIA Identity: A Diplomat's Memoir. New York: Carroll & Graf, 2004. Paperback ed., 2005. ISBN 0-7867-1551-0.
���. "What I Didn't Find in Africa". The New York Times, July 6, 2003. Accessed July 10, 2007. Accessed July 10, 2007.
Wilson, Valerie Plame. "Fair Game: My Life as a Spy, My Betrayal by the White House". New York: Simon and Schuster, forthcoming October 22, 2007. (Release date subject to change.) ISBN 1416537619 (10). ISBN 978-1416537618 (13).
Wolf, Christopher. "Plame Investigation Is Not a 'Game'." Letter to the Editor. Washington Post, January 18, 2005: A16. [A neighbor of Valerie E. Wilson, Wolf is also a lawyer representing her.]
[edit] External links
CNN Special Reports: CIA Leak Investigation compiled by CNN; incl. interactive timeline of Main Events and "Key Players" (click on photo captioned "Plame").
Interactive Graphic: Timeline of a Leak compiled by The New York Times (double-click on photo captioned "Ms. Wilson").
"Investigations: Disclosure of CIA Agent Identity" and "Disclosure of CIA Agent Identity: Hearing Examines Exposure of Covert CIA Agent Valerie Plame Wilson's Identity". U.S. House Committee on Government Reform (Oversight Committee). March 16, 2007. Accessed July 10, 2007. Hyperlinks in menu, including streaming video of hearing; box with "Documents and Links", featuring documents chart "Disclosures of Valerie Plame Wilson's Classified CIA Employment"PDF (35.9 KiB).
Senate Democratic Policy Committee Hearing, House Government Reform Committee Minority, "A Special Joint Oversight Hearing on the National Security Consequences of Disclosing the Identity of a Covert Intelligence Officer", with link to "Hearing Transcript". July 22, 2005. Accessed August 12, 2007.
"Patrick J. Fitzgerald", U.S. Department of Justice Office of Special Counsel.
Retrieved from
Categories: 1963 births | Alumni of the London School of Economics | American spies | Democrats (United States) | Living people | People of the Central Intelligence Agency | Plame affair | Post-Cold War spies | Penn State University alumni | People from Alaska
Valerie Plame
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Valerie Plame Wilson
Born Valerie Elise Plame
April 19, 1963 (1963-04-19) (age 44)
Anchorage, Alaska
Occupation former CIA officer (November 9, 1985 � December 9, 2005)
Spouse Joseph C. Wilson IV (3 April 1998)
Children two
Parents Diane and Samuel Plame
[1][2][3][4][5]
Valerie Elise Plame Wilson (born Valerie Elise Plame 19 April 1963, in Anchorage, Alaska), known as Valerie Plame, Valerie E. Wilson, and Valerie Plame Wilson, is a former United States CIA officer who worked as a classified covert intelligence agent for over twenty years and the wife of former Ambassador Joseph C. Wilson, IV.[1][2][3][4][5][6]
On 14 July 2003 Robert Novak identified "Wilson's wife" publicly as "an agency operative on weapons of mass destruction" named "Valerie Plame" in his syndicated column in The Washington Post.[7] In that column Novak was responding to an "op-ed" entitled "What I Didn't Find in Africa," written by former Ambassador Wilson and published in the New York Times the previous week, on July 6, 2003. In his op-ed, former Ambassador Wilson states that the George W. Bush administration exaggerated unreliable claims that Iraq intended to purchase uranium yellowcake to support the administration's arguments that Iraq was proliferating weapons of mass destruction so as to justify its preemptive war in Iraq.[8]
Novak's public disclosure of Mrs. Wilson's then-still-classified covert CIA identity as "Valerie Plame" led to a CIA leak grand jury investigation, resulting in the indictment and successful prosecution of Lewis Libby in United States v. Libby for perjury, obstruction of justice, and making false statements to federal investigators, in the Wilsons' civil lawsuit (Plame v. Cheney) against current and former government officials (dismissed on July 19, 2007 in U.S. District Court in a decision appealed the next day), and in continuing related controversy.
The controversy related to the leak of Plame's identity and subsequent legal and political action is sometimes referred to as the Plame Affair.
Contents
1 Personal History
1.1 Early family life
1.2 Education
1.3 Marriage and family
2 Career
3 Judicial and legislative actions pertaining to "Plamegate"
3.1 CIA leak grand jury investigation
3.2 Libby trial
3.3 The Wilsons' civil suit: Plame v. Cheney
3.4 House Oversight Committee hearing
4 Valerie Wilson's memoir, "Fair Game"
5 See also
6 Notes
7 References
8 External links
[edit] Personal History
[edit] Early family life
Valerie Elise Plame was born on April 19, 1963 on Elmendorf Air Force Base, in Anchorage, Alaska, to Diane and Samuel Plame.[2][9]
Growing up in "a military family ... imbued her with a sense of public duty"; her father was a lieutenant colonel in the United States Air Force, who worked for the National Security Agency for three years, and, according to her "close friend Janet Angstadt," her parents "are the type who are still volunteering for the Red Cross and Meals on Wheels in the Philadelphia suburb where they live," having moved to that area while Plame was still in school.[10]
[edit] Education
She graduated in 1981 from Lower Moreland High School, in Huntingdon Valley, Pennsylvania, and in 1985 from Pennsylvania State University with a B.A. in advertising.[10] While a student at Penn State, she worked for the business division of its student newspaper, The Daily Collegian.[10] By 1991, Plame earned two Master's degrees, from the London School of Economics and Political Science and the College of Europe (Collège d'Europe), in Bruges, Belgium, respectively.[2][10] In addition to English, she speaks French, German, and Greek.[10]
[edit] Marriage and family
In 1997, while she was working for the CIA, Plame met former Ambassador Joseph C. Wilson IV "at a reception in Washington ... at the residence of the Turkish Ambassador."[11] Unable to reveal her CIA role to Wilson on their first date, initially she told him that she was an energy trader in Brussels, and he thought that she was "an up-and-coming international executive."[12] After they began dating and became "close," Plame revealed her employment with the CIA to Wilson (Wilson, Politics of Truth 242).[12] They were married on April 3, 1998 (Wilson, Politics of Truth 273).
Professionally and socially, she has used variants of her name. Professionally, while a covert CIA officer, she used her given first name and her maiden surname, "Valerie Plame." Since leaving the CIA, as a speaker, she has used the name "Valerie Plame Wilson," and she is referred to by that name in the civil suit that the Wilsons brought against former and current government officials, Plame v. Cheney.[2] Socially, and in public records of her political contributions, since her marriage to former Ambassador Joseph C. Wilson, IV, in 1998, as Mrs. Joseph C. Wilson, she has used the name "Valerie E. Wilson."
At the time that they met, Wilson relates in his memoir, he was separated from his second wife Jacqueline, a former French diplomat; they divorced after twelve years of marriage so that he could marry Valerie Plame. His divorce from Jacqueline had been "delayed because I was never in one place long enough to complete the process," though he and she had already been living separate lives since the mid-'90s. [13] Plame and Wilson are the parents of twins, Trevor Rolph and Samantha Finnell Diana, born in January 2000. From his first marriage (1973-1986), to Susan Dale Otchis, Wilson is also the father of another set of twins (also a boy and a girl), Sabrina Cecile and Joseph Charles, who were born in 1975.
Prior to the disclosure of her classified CIA identity, Valerie and Joe Wilson and their twins lived in the Palisades, an affluent neighborhood of Washington, D.C., on the fringe of Georgetown.[10] After she resigned from the CIA following the disclosure, in January 2006, they moved to Santa Fe, New Mexico.[14][3]
[edit] Career
Soon after graduation from Penn State, Plame moved to Washington, D.C.,[10] where she worked at a clothing store, biding her time, while awaiting the results of her application to the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).[2][10] She was accepted into the 1985-86 CIA officer training class, beginning her training for what became a twenty-year career with the Agency.[3] Although the CIA will not release publicly the specific dates from 1985 to 2002 when she worked for it, due to security concerns,[15][3] Special Counsel Patrick Fitzgerald affirmed that Plame "was a CIA officer from January 1st, 2002, forward" and that "her association with the CIA was classified at that time through July 2003.[16]Due to the nature of her clandestine work for the CIA, many details about Plame's professional career are still classified, but it is documented that she worked for the CIA in a clandestine capacity relating to counter-proliferation.[17][4][5] While using her own name, "Valerie Plame," her assignments required posing in various professional roles in order to gather intelligence more effectively.[18][19][20] Two of her covers include serving as a junior consular officer in the early 1990s in Athens and then later an energy analyst for the private company (founded in 1994) "Brewster Jennings & Associates", which the CIA later acknowledged was a front company for certain investigations.[21]
John Crewdson, senior correspondent for the Chicago Tribune, notes that a former senior diplomat in Athens remembered Plame in her dual role and also recalled "that she served as one of the 'control officers' coordinating the visit of President George H.W. Bush to Greece and Turkey in July 1991."[22] After the Gulf War in 1991, the CIA sent her first to the London School of Economics and then the College of Europe, in Bruges, for Master's degrees. After earning the second one, she stayed on in Brussels, where she began her next assignment under cover as an "energy consultant" for Brewster-Jennings.[10] Beginning in 1997, Plame's primary assignment was shifted to the CIA headquarters in Langley, Virginia.
She married Joseph Wilson in 1998 and gave birth to their twins in 2000,[23] and resumed travel overseas in 2001, 2002, and 2003 "as part of her cover job. She met with folks who worked in the nuclear industry, cultivated sources, and managed spies. She was a national security asset until exposed. . . ."[24]
Part of her work during this time, according to David Corn and Michael Isikoff, appears to have been concerned with determining the use of aluminum tubes purchased by Iraq. [25] CIA analysts prior to the Iraq invasion were quoted by the White House as believing that Iraq was trying to acquire nuclear weapons and that these aluminum tubes could be used in a centrifuge for nuclear enrichment.[26][27] but Isikoff and Corn argue that the undercover work being done by Mrs. Wilson and her CIA colleagues in the Directorate of Central Intelligence Nonproliferation Center strongly contradicted such a claim.[25]
Novak's disclosures in his column, which resulted in Mrs. Wilson's public outing on 14 July 2003, ended her career with the CIA, from which she later resigned in December 2005.[28][29]
Although court affadivits of the Special Counsel Patrick Fitzgerald and exhibits pursuant to later U.S. Congressional investigations ascertain otherwise, some in the media questioned whether or not the CIA still considered Plame a "covert" agent��that is, the precise nature of her "classified" status or the type of "cover" that she had and whether or not it was "official" or "non-official"��at the time she was outed in the Novak column of July 14, 2003.[30] But official legal documents published in the course of the CIA leak grand jury investigation, United States v. Libby, and Congressional investigations fully establish Mrs. Wilson's classified employment as a covert officer for the CIA at the time that Novak's column was published in July 2003.[29][31][32]
[edit] Judicial and legislative actions pertaining to "Plamegate"
Flow of Valerie Plame InformationMain article: CIA leak grand jury investigation
Main article: Plame affair
Further information: Plame affair criminal investigation
[edit] CIA leak grand jury investigation
In his press conference of October 28, 2005, Special Counsel Fitzgerald explained in considerable detail the necessity of "secrecy" about his Grand Jury investigation that began in the fall of 2003��"when it was clear that Valerie Wilson's cover had been blown"��and the background and consequences of the indictment of Lewis Libby as it pertains to Valerie E. Wilson.[33]
Fitzgerald's subsequent replies to reporters' questions shed further light on the parameters of the "leak investigation" and what, as its lead prosecutor, bound by "the rules of grand jury secrecy," he could and could not reveal legally at the time.[33] Official court documents released later, on April 5, 2006, reveal that Libby testified that "he was specifically authorized in advance" of his meeting with New York Times reporter Judith Miller to disclose the "key judgments" of the October 2002 classified National Intelligence Estimate (NIE). According to Libby's testimony, "the Vice President later advised him that the President had authorized defendant to disclose the relevant portions of the NIE [to Judith Miller]."[34] According to his testimony, the information that Libby was authorized to disclose to Miller "was intended to rebut the allegations of an administration critic, former ambassador Joseph Wilson." A couple of days after Libby's meeting with Miller, Condoleezza Rice told reporters, "We don't want to try to get into kind of selective declassification" of the NIE, adding "We're looking at what can be made available."[35] A "sanitized version" of the NIE in question was officially declassified on July 18, 2003, ten days after Libby's contact with Miller, and was presented at a White House background briefing on weapons of mass destruction (WMD) in Iraq.[36] The NIE contains no references to Valerie Plame or her CIA status, but the Special Counsel has suggested that White House actions were part of "a plan to discredit, punish or seek revenge against Mr. Wilson."[37] President Bush had previously indicated that he would fire whoever outed Plame.[35]
A court filing by Libby's defense team argued that Valerie Plame was not foremost on the minds of administration officials as they sought to rebut charges made by her husband, Joseph Wilson, that the White House manipulated intelligence to make a case for invasion. The filing indicated that Libby's lawyers did not intend to say he was told to reveal Plame's identity.[38] The court filing also stated that "Mr. Libby plans to demonstrate that the indictment is wrong when it suggests that he and other government officials viewed Ms. Wilson's role in sending her husband to Africa as important," indicating that Libby's lawyers planned to call Karl Rove to the stand. According to Rove's lawyer, Fitzgerald has decided against pressing charges against Rove.[28]
The five-count indictment of Libby included perjury (two counts), obstruction of justice (one count), and making false statements to federal investigators (two counts).
[edit] Libby trial
Main article: United States v. Libby
On March 6, 2007, Libby was convicted of obstruction of justice, making false statements, and two counts of perjury. He was acquitted on one count of making false statements. His sentence included a $250,000 fine, 30 months in prison and two years of probation. On July 2, 2007, President George W. Bush commuted Libby's sentence, removing the jail term but leaving in place the fine and probation, calling the sentence "excessive."[39][40] In a subsequent press conference, on July 12, 2007, President Bush noted, "...the Scooter Libby decision was, I thought, a fair and balanced decision."[41] The Wilsons responded to the commutation in statements posted by their legal counsel, Melanie Sloan, executive director of Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington (CREW), and on their own legal support website.
See also: Joseph C. Wilson#Wilson's reactions to the Libby trial and commutation
[edit] The Wilsons' civil suit: Plame v. Cheney
Main article: Plame v. Cheney
On July 13, 2006, Joseph and Valerie Wilson filed a civil lawsuit against Dick Cheney, I. Lewis "Scooter" Libby, Karl Rove, and other unnamed senior White House officials (among whom they later added Richard Armitage[42]) for their role in the public disclosure of Valerie Wilson's classified CIA status.[43] Judge John D. Bates dismissed the Wilson's lawsuit on jurisdictional grounds on July 19, 2007;[44][45][46][47] the Wilsons have since appealed.[48]
[edit] House Oversight Committee hearing
On March 8, 2007, two days after the verdict in the Libby trial, Congressman Henry Waxman, chair of the U.S. House Committee on Government Reform, announced that his committee would ask Valerie E. Wilson to testify on March 16, in an effort by his committee to look into "whether White House officials followed appropriate procedures for safeguarding Plame's identity."[49][50]
On March 16, 2007, at these hearings about the disclosure, Chairman Henry Waxman read a statement about Plame's CIA career that had been cleared by CIA director Gen. Michael V. Hayden and the CIA, stating that Wilson was under cover and that her employment status with the CIA was classified information prohibited from disclosure under Executive Order 12958. Wilson served in senior management positions at the CIA, in which she oversaw the work of other CIA employees, and in her various positions at the CIA, had faced significant risks to her personal safety and her life.[31]
Subsequent reports in various news accounts focused on the following parts of her testimony:
"My name and identity were carelessly and recklessly abused by senior government officials in the White House and state department"; this abuse occurred for "purely political reasons."[51]
After her identity was exposed by officials in the Bush administration, she had to leave the CIA: "I could no longer perform the work for which I had been highly trained."[52]
She did not select her husband for a CIA fact-finding trip to Niger, but an officer senior to her selected him and told her to ask her husband if he would consider it: "I did not recommend him. I did not suggest him. There was no nepotism involved. I did not have the authority...."[52][53][54]
[edit] Valerie Wilson's memoir, "Fair Game"
On the evening of the verdict in the Libby trial (March 6, 2007), Joseph C. Wilson appeared on Larry King Live, during which he announced that he and his wife had "signed a deal with Warner Bros of Hollywood to offer their consulting services - or maybe more - in the making of the forthcoming movie about the Libby trial," their lives and the CIA leak scandal.[55] According to an article by Michael Fleming published in Variety earlier in the week, the feature film, a co-production between Weed Road's Akiva Goldsman and Jerry and Janet Zucker of Zucker Productions with a screenplay by Jez and John Butterworth to be based in part on Valerie Wilson's forthcoming book "Fair Game" (contingent on CIA clearances) originally scheduled for release in August 2007.[56]
Copyright ?1997 - 2007, Simon & Schuster, Inc.In May 2006, the New York Times reported that Valerie Wilson agreed to a $2.5 million book deal with Crown Publishing Group, a division of Random House. As reported initially, her memoir, currently entitled "Fair Game: My Life as a Spy, My Betrayal by the White House," has been scheduled for publication in fall 2007 (release date: October 22, 2007). Steve Ross, senior vice president and publisher of Crown, told the Times that the book would be Mrs. Wilson's "first airing of her actual role in the American intelligence community, as well as the prominence of her role in the lead-up to the war."[57] Subsequently, the New York Times reported that the book deal fell through and that Mrs. Wilson was in exclusive negotiations with Simon and Schuster.[58] Ultimately, Simon and Schuster publicly confirmed the book deal, though not the financial terms and, at first, no set publication date.[59][25]
On May 31, 2007, various news media reported that Simon and Schuster and Valerie Wilson were suing J. Michael McConnell, Director of National Intelligence, and Michael V. Hayden, Director of the CIA, arguing that the CIA "is unconstitutionally interfering with the publication of her memoir, Fair Game, which is set to be published in October [2007], by not allowing Plame to mention the dates she served in the CIA, even though those dates are public information."[60][61]
"Although that information is set out in an unclassified letter to Ms. Wilson [relating to her retirement] that has been published in the Congressional Record [and subsequently circulated widely]," according to Adam Liptak in The New York Times, "the C.I.A. insists that her dates of service remain classified and may not be mentioned in 'Fair Game,' the memoir Ms. Wilson hopes to publish in October. ... The C.I.A. has been adamant in refusing to confirm the dates or details of Ms. Wilson's service before 2002."[15]
On August 3, 2007, Liptak reported that Judge Barbara S. Jones, of the United States District Court for the District of New York, in Manhattan, had decided that Mrs. Wilson would not be able to state in her memoir precisely the dates that she had worked for the CIA, even though they are already published in documents in the public domain:
The C.I.A. has publicly acknowledged only that Ms. Wilson worked there from 2002 to January 2006, when she resigned.
But a February 2006 letter from the C.I.A. to Ms. Wilson about her retirement benefits said that she had worked for the agency since Nov. 9, 1985, for a total of "20 years, 7 days," including "six years, one month and 29 days of overseas service." The letter was published in the Congressional Record in connection with proposed legislation concerning Ms. Wilson's benefits, and it remains available on the Library of Congress's Web site.
Judge Jones acknowledged that the C.I.A. "does not contest that the information is, in fact, in the public domain," adding that "the public may draw whatever conclusions it might from the fact that the information at issue was sent on C.I.A. letterhead by the chief of retirement and insurance services."[3]
According to Liptak, "The C.I.A. apparently had no significant objections to the manuscript beyond the dispute over how long Ms. Wilson worked for it. In a December 2006 letter quoted in Judge Jones's decision, the agency's publication review board said the manuscript was "replete with statements" that "become classified when they are linked with a specific time frame.", but it has cleared the way for her to publish her memoir otherwise in the autumn of 2007."[3]
The week after the scheduled release of her memoir (October 22, 2007), on October 28, 2007, Valerie Plame Wilson will be the keynote speaker of the Fourth Annual Vermont Woman Newspaper Lecture Series, in South Burlington, Vermont, speaking on the topic "Taking Back the White House in an Abuse of Public Trust" and answering questions following her presentation.[62]
She is also scheduled to deliver a lecture based on "Fair Game" as part of Voices: Contemporary Lectures: The Northwest's Foremost Women's Lecture Series, in Portland, Oregon, on November 14, 2007.[63]
[edit] See also
National Clandestine Service
[edit] Notes
^ a b "Fair Game: My Life as a Spy, My Betrayal by the White House".
^ a b c d e f "Valerie Plame Wilson: 'Outed' Former CIA Agent: Exclusive Representation by Greater Talent Network". Accessed July 10, 2007. (Official biography listed in Speaker's Bureau of Greater Talent Network Inc.).
^ a b c d e f g Adam Liptak, "Judge Backs C.I.A. in Suit On Memoir", The New York Times August 3, 2007, accessed August 11, 2007. (TimesSelect subscription required for archived articles.)
^ a b c "Unclassified Summary of Valerie Wilson's CIA Employment and Cover History"PDF (2.63 MiB), "Exhibit A" in sentencing memorandum exhibits, United States v. Libby, online posting of public document, The Next Hurrah (blog), May 26, 2007: 2-3.
^ a b c Cf. "Valerie Plame, Covert After All" ("Though some on the right have denied it, Plame was a covert CIA operative when she was exposed by Robert Novak. Read the document that proves It."), Salon, May 30, 2007, accessed August 12, 2007. Includes screen shots of the PDF (three pages).
^ Richard Leiby, "Valerie Plame, the Spy Who Got Shoved Out into the Cold", The Washington Post, October 29, 2005, accessed August 22, 2007.
^ Robert D. Novak, "Mission to Niger", The Washington Post, July 14, 2003, A21, accessed 8 July 2007.
^ Joseph C. Wilson IV, "What I Didn't Find in Africa", The New York Times, July 6, 2003, accessed July 9, 2007; rpt. as "What I Didn't Find in Africa", Common Dreams NewsCenter, July 6, 2002, accessed July 9, 2007.
^ Associated Press, "The Real Valerie Plame", reposted in Editor and Publisher, May 30, 2005, accessed August 12, 2007.
^ a b c d e f g h i Vicky Ward,"Double Exposure: As White House Powerhouse Karl Rove Becomes Increasingly Entangled in the C.I.A. Officer-outing Affair, VF.com Reprises This January 2004 Article on the Iraq-weapons Controversy That Embroiled Former Ambassador Joseph Wilson and His Wife, Valerie Plame―Both of Whom Opened Up to Vanity Fair", Vanity Fair, January 2004, rpt. vanityfair.com, accessed July 10, 2007 (11 pages). Cf. Vicky Ward, "Double Exposure: Former Ambassador Joseph C. Wilson and His Wife, C.I.A. Operative Valerie Plame, Are at the Center of Controversy Over President Bush's Bogus Claim, in Last Year's State of the Union Address, That Saddam Had Tried to Buy Uranium in Africa", AccessMyLibrary, January 1, 2004, accessed July 10, 2007(original text; free access to full text with registration on site).
^ Wilson, Joseph C. The Politics of Truth: Inside the Lies that Led to War and Betrayed my Wife's CIA Identity: A Diplomat's Memoir. New York: Carroll & Graf, 2004. Paperback ed., 2005. ISBN 0-7867-1551-0. p. 240.
^ a b Christopher Goffard, "Valerie Plame: Smart, Private, 'Waltons' Fan", St. Petersburg Times, August 8, 2005, accessed July 15, 2006.
^ Wilson, Joseph C., IV. The Politics of Truth: Inside the Lies that Led to War and Betrayed my Wife's CIA Identity: A Diplomat's Memoir. New York: Carroll & Graf, 2004. Paperback ed., 2005. ISBN 0-7867-1551-0. p. 242
^ Andrew Buncombe and Joe Wilson, "The Valerie Plame Case: My Wife, the CIA Agent, by Joe Wilson", The Independent, March 18, 2007, accessed August 7, 2007. (Interview.)
^ a b Adam Liptak, "Valerie Wilson Sues CIA Over Memoir", The New York Times, May 31, 2007, accessed June 10, 2007 (TimesSelect subscription required for archived articles).
^ "Transcript of Special Counsel Fitzgerald's Press Conference", Washington Post, October 28, 2005, accessed July 15, 2006.
^ Patrick Fitzgerald, "August 27, 2004 Affadavit of Patrick J. Fitzgerald Placed in Public File Pursuant to Opinion Released February 3, 2006", online posting, The Wall Street Journal, February 3, 2006: 28 n. 15, accessed August 7, 2007.
^ Larry C. Johnson, "The Big Lie about Valerie Plame", tpmcafe.com (Special Guest blog), June 13, 2005, accessed July 15, 2006. (Johnson is "a former CIA analyst who was in Plame's officer training class in 1985-86" and Deputy Director for Special Operations, Transportation Security, and Anti-Terrorism Assistance in the U.S. State Department's Office of Counter Terrorism until October 1993.)
^ Michael Duffy and Timothy J. Burger, "NOC, NOC. Who's There? A Special Kind of Agent", Time, October 19, 2003, accessed September 25, 2006.
^ Richard Leiby and Dana Priest, "The Spy Next Door: Valerie Wilson, Ideal Mom, Was Also the Ideal Cover", Washington Post, October 8, 2003: A01, accessed October 31, 2006.
^ Carolyn Kuhn, "Libby Trial: Plame, Brewster, Ellmann, Edwards, Dennehy, Jennings: Not Secret?", dc.indymedia.org (Washington, D.C. "newswire"), January 31, 2007, accessed May 5, 2007.
^ John Crewdson, "Plame's identity, if truly a secret, was thinly veiled," Chicago Tribune March 11, 2006, accessed September 25, 2006.
^ Mark Memmott, "CIA 'outing' Might Fall Short of Crime", USA Today, July 14, 2005, accessed September 25, 2006.
^ Larry C. Johnson, "Is Max Boot Using Oxycontin?" No Quarter (blog), November 2, 2005, accessed July 15, 2006. See also Nicholas D. Kristof, "Secrets of the Scandal", New York Times October 11, 2003.
^ a b c David Corn, "What Valerie Plame Really Did at the CIA", The Nation (web only), September 6, 2006. citing information in the book Hubris: The Inside Story of Spin, Scandal, and the Selling of the Iraq War, co-written by Corn and Michael Isikoff.
^ Attachment A: Unclassified Report to Congress on the Acquisition of Technology Relating to Weapons of Mass Destruction and Advanced Conventional Munitions, 1 July Through 31 December 200[2], Office of the Directorate of Central Intelligence (ODCI), CIA, Dec. 2002, accessed October 27, 2006.
^ Unclassified Report to Congress: on the Acquisition of Technology Relating to Weapons of Mass Destruction and Advanced Conventional Munitions, 1 January Through 30 June 2002, Office of the Directorate of Central Intelligence (ODCI), CIA, June 2002, accessed October 27, 2006.
^ a b John Solomon, "Rove Learned CIA Agent's Name from Novak", USA Today, July 15, 2005, accessed July 15, 2006.
^ a b Joel Seidman (Producer, NBC News), "Plame Was 'covert' Agent at Time of Name Leak: Newly Released Unclassified Document Details CIA Employment", MSNBC, May 29, 2007, accessed August 10, 2007.
^ Bill Gertz, "CIA Officer Named Prior to Column", Washington Times, July 22, 2004, accessed July 15, 2006.
^ a b "Statement of Rep. Henry A. Waxman, Chairman"PDF (156 KiB), "Committee on Oversight and Government Reform Hearing on Disclosure of CIA Agent Valerie Plame Wilson's ldentity and White House Procedures for Safeguarding Classified Information", online posting, U.S. House Committee on Government Reform, oversight.house.gov, March 16, 2007: 2, accessed March 19, 2007
^ "Investigations: Disclosure of CIA Agent Identity" and "Disclosure of CIA Agent Identity: Hearing Examines Exposure of Covert CIA Agent Valerie Plame Wilson's Identity", U.S. House Committee on Government Reform (Oversight Committee), March 16, 2007, accessed July 10, 2007. (Hyperlinks in menu, including streaming video of hearing; box with "Documents and Links", featuring documents chart "Disclosures of Valerie Plame Wilson's Classified CIA Employment"PDF (35.9 KiB).)
^ a b "Transcript of Special Counsel Fitzgerald's Press Conference", Washington Post, October 28, 2005, accessed July 15, 2006
^ "U.S. vs. I. Lewis Libby"PDF (200 KiB), as posted online in The Smoking Gun (blog), April 5, 2006, accessed July 15, 2006.
^ a b Michael Isikoff, "The Leaker in Chief?" Newsweek, April 4, 2006, accessed July 15, 2006.
^ "Iraq's Continuing Programs for Weapons of Mass Destruction," fas.org (blog), accessed July 15, 2006.
^ David E. Sanger, "Special Prosecutor Links White House to CIA Leak", San Francisco Gate (blog), April 11, 2006, accessed July 15, 2006.
^ "'Scooter' Won't Play Plame Blame Game", New York Post, April 14, 2006, accessed July 15, 2006.
^ Grant of Executive Clemency
^ Statement by the President on Executive Clemency for Lewis Libby
^ Press Conference by the President, July 12, 2007, accessed August 11, 2007.
^ "Armitage Added to Plame Law Suit", CBS News, September 13, 2006, accessed September 25, 2006; includes PDF. Cf. Amended complaint at FindLaw.com.
^ Proskauer Rose LLP, "Valerie Plame Wilson and Ambassador Joseph Wilson Initiate a Civil Action Against Vice President Cheney, Karl Rove, and Scooter Libby for Violations of their Constitutional and Other Legal Rights", Yahoo Business Wire (Press Release), July 13, 2006, accessed July 15, 2006; cf. "Lame Plame Game Flames Out"PDF (41.8 KiB), rpt. in How Appealing (blog), July 13, 2006, accessed July 15. 2006.
^ Associated Press, "Valerie Plame's Lawsuit Dismissed", USA Today, July 19, 2007, accessed 19 July 2007.
^ "Judge Tosses Out Ex-Spy's Lawsuit Against Cheney in CIA Leak Case", CNN.com, July 19, 2007, accessed July 19, 2007.
^ Carol D. Leonnig, "Plame's Lawsuit Against Top Officials Dismissed", The Washington Post, 20 July 2007, accessed 20 July 2007.
^ "Memorandum Opinon", in "Valerie Wilson, et al., Plaintiffs, v. I. Lewis Libby, Jr., et al., Defendants", "Civil Action No. 06-1258 (JDB)", United States District Court for the District of Columbia, 19 July 2007, accessed 20 July 2007.
^ Joseph and Valerie Wilson Legal Support Trust Home Page, [July 20, 2007], accessed July 27, 2007. Cf. "Statement on Ambassador Joseph and Valerie Wilsons' Appeal Filed on July 20", Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington (CREW), July 20, 2007, accessed July 27, 2007.
^ Reuters, "Plame to Testify to Congress on Leak", The Washington Post, March 9, 2007, accessed March 19, 2007.
^ "Disclosure of CIA Identity", online posting, U.S. House Committee on Government Reform, oversight.house.gov, March 16, 2007, accessed March 19, 2007.
^ "Outed CIA Agent Criticises White House Officials", The Guardian March 16, 2007, accessed March 19, 2007.
^ a b Richard Allen Greene, "Ex-spy Makes Tough Bush Critic", BBC News, March 16, 2007, accessed March 19, 2007.
^ Julie Hirschfeld Davis (Associated Press),"Plame Sheds Little Light in Leak Case", ABC News, March 16, 2007, accessed March 19, 2007.
^ Cf. Darlene Superville, "Plame Shows Theatrical Side of Congress", ABC News, March 17, 2007, accessed March 19, 2007.
^ Matt Frei, "Washington diary: Libby, the Movie", BBC News (Washington), March 7, 2007, accessed March 18, 2007; cf. transcript of Larry King interview with Joseph C. Wilson, "Ex-Cheney Aide Found Guilty", Larry King Live, CNN, broadcast March 6, 2007, accessed March 18, 2007.
^ Michael Fleming, "Plame Film in Works at Warner Bros.: Studio Sets Movie about CIA Leak Scandal", March 1, 2007, accessed March 18, 2007.
^ Motoko Rich, "Valerie Plame Gets Book Deal", New York Times, May 5, 2006, accessed July 15, 2006.
^ Motoko Rich, Plame Gets Book Deal", New York Times, June 1, 2006, accessed June 7, 2006.
^ Hillel Italie (Associated Press), "Ex-CIA Officer Finds New Memoir Publisher", The Mercury News July 13, 2006, accessed July 15, 2006. (Free registration required.)
^ "Valerie Plame Wilson Suing CIA", WNBC (Channel 4, New York City), May 31, 2007, accessed June 10, 2007.
^ Kimberly Maul, "Simon and Schuster and Valerie Plame Wilson Sue CIA", The Book Standard, May 31, 2007, accessed June 10, 2007.
^ Suzanne Gillis, "Publisher's Message: Outed CIA Spy, Valerie Plame Wilson, to Be Next Vermont Woman Speaker", Vermont Woman, August 2007, accessed August 22, 2007. [Featured photograph depicts Suzanne Gillis, publisher of Vermont Woman and author of this "Publisher's Message", not Valerie Plame Wilson.]
^ "Valerie Plame Wilson: Wednesday, November 14, 2007, Fair Game", announcement of lecture, Voices: Contemporary Lectures: The Northwest's Foremost Women's Lecture Series, Portland, Oregon, accessed August 12, 2007.
[edit] References
Amended Complaint. FindLaw.com, September 13, 2006.
"AP falsely reported Wilson 'acknowledged his wife was no longer in an undercover job' when her identity was first publicly leaked". Media Matters for America. July 15, 2005. Accessed September 24, 2006.
"Armitage's Leak Poses More Questions". Townhall.com, September 8, 2006. Accessed June 17, 2007.
"End of an Affair: It Turns Out That the Person Who Exposed CIA Agent Valerie Plame Was Not Out to Punish Her Husband". The Washington Post, September 1, 2006.
Corn, David. "Explosive New Rove Revelation Coming Soon? Update: It's Here". The Huffington Post (blog), July 9, 2005. Accessed September 24, 2006.
���. "Toensing and WSJ: Corn Outed Plame (Here We Go Again)". DavidCorn.com (journalist's blog), September 15, 2006. Accessed November 20, 2006. (Reply to Toensing.)
���. "What Valerie Plame Really Did at the CIA". The Nation (web only). September 6, 2006. Accessed September 24, 2006.
���. "A White House Smear". The Nation (Capital Games blog), July 16, 2006. Accessed September 24, 2006.
Crewdson, John. "Internet Blows CIA Cover". The Chicago Tribune, March 13, 2006. Accessed November 16, 2006. (See reply by Johnson, "Valerie's Thinly-Veiled Cover.")
���. "Plame's Identity, If Truly a Secret, Was Thinly Veiled". The Chicago Tribune, March 11, 2006. Accessed September 25, 2006. (See reply by Johnson, "Valerie's Thinly-Veiled Cover.")
Ensor, David, et al. "Novak: 'No great crime' with Leak". Inside Politics on CNN. CNN.com, October 1, 2003. Accessed September 24, 2006.
Finn, Ed. "How Deep Is CIA Cover?" Slate, September 30, 2003. Accessed November 16, 2006.
Isikoff, Michael. "Leak Investigation: The Russert Deal―What It Reveals". Newsweek, August 1, 2006. Accessed November 13, 2006.
���. "Matt Cooper's Source: What Karl Rove Told Time Magazine's Reporter". Newsweek June 18, 2005. Accessed November 13, 2006.
���, and David Corn. Hubris: The Inside Story of Spin, Scandal, and the Selling of the Iraq War. New York: Crown, 2006 (September 8). ISBN 0-307-34681-1.
Johnson, Larry C. "Fighting Rove's Gang of Bullies: A Former CIA Analyst Speaks Up in the Hopes of Freeing His Former Colleague, Valerie Plame, from the RNC's 'malicious smear campaign'". AlterNet, July 25, 2005. Accessed June 19, 2007.
���. "Valerie's Thinly-Veiled Cover". No Quarter (blog), March 13, 2006. Accessed November 19, 2006. (Reply to Crewdson.)
Johnston, David, and Richard W. Stevenson, with David E. Sanger. "Rove Reportedly Held Phone Talk on C.I.A. Officer". The New York Times, July 15, 2005. Accessed November 16, 2006. (TimesSelect subscription required.)
Kincaid, Cliff. "AIM Column: Why Judith Miller Should Stay In Jail". Accuracy In Media, July 11, 2005. Accessed June 19, 2007.
Leiby, Richard. "Valerie Plame, the Spy Who Got Shoved Out into the Cold". The Washington Post, October 29, 2005. Accessed August 22, 2007.
Leonnig, Carol D. "Papers Say Leak Probe Is Over". Washington Post, April 6, 2005: A12.
Novak, Robert. "Armitage's Leak". The Washington Post, September 13, 2006. Accessed September 24, 2006.
���. "Mission to Niger". The Washington Post, July 14, 2003. Accessed September 24, 2006.
���. "My Role in Plamegate". Online posting. RealClearPolitics.com (blog), July 12, 2006. Accessed September 25, 2006.
Parry, Robert. "New Clues in the Plame Mystery". ConsortiumNews.com, September 15, 2006. Accessed November 8, 2006.
Pincus, Walter, and Mike Allen. "Leak of Agent's Name Causes Exposure of CIA Front Firm". The Washington Post, October 4, 2003: A03.
Smyth, Frank. CPJ Statement: Commentary: U.S. Sends the Wrong Message to the World". IFEX (International Freedom of Expression Exchange), June 30, 2005, updated July 1, 2005. Accessed September 24, 2006.
Toensing, Victoria. "The Plame Kerfuffle: What a Load of Armitage! What Did Patrick Fitzgerald Know, and When Did He Know It?" The Wall Street Journal, September 15, 2006, Editorial. Accessed November 20, 2006. (Reply by Corn, "Toensing and WSJ.")
Waas, Murray S., with research assistance by Thomas Lang. "Plame Gate: Did Robert Novak Willfully Disregard Warnings That His Column Would Endanger Valerie Plame? Our Sources Say 'Yes'". American Prospect, February 12, 2004. Accessed September 25, 2006. (Web-exclusive feature article.)
Waas, Murray "Exclusive: Plame Game Over?" American Prospect, April 6, 2005. Accessed Sept. 10, 2007.
Waas, Murray "Cheney Authorized Libby to Leak Classified Information" National Journal, Feb. 9 2006. Accessed Sept. 10, 2007.
Ward, Vicky. "Double Exposure: As White House Powerhouse Karl Rove Becomes Increasingly Entangled in the C.I.A. Officer-outing Affair, VF.com Reprises This January 2004 Article on the Iraq-weapons Controversy That Embroiled Former Ambassador Joseph Wilson and His Wife, Valerie Plame―Both of Whom Opened Up to Vanity Fair". Vanity Fair, January 2004. Rpt. vanityfair.com. Accessed July 10, 2007. (11 pages.)
Wheeler, Marcy. Anatomy of Deceit: How the Bush Administration Used the Media to Sell the Iraq War and Out a Spy. Berkeley: Vaster Books (Dist. by Publishers Group West), 2007. ISBN 0-979-17610-7 (10). ISBN 978-0979-17610-4 (13).
"White House Counsel Questioned in CIA Leak". Las Vegas Sun, June 18, 2004.
Wilson, Joseph C., IV. The Politics of Truth: Inside the Lies that Led to War and Betrayed My Wife's CIA Identity: A Diplomat's Memoir. New York: Carroll & Graf, 2004. Paperback ed., 2005. ISBN 0-7867-1551-0.
���. "What I Didn't Find in Africa". The New York Times, July 6, 2003. Accessed July 10, 2007. Accessed July 10, 2007.
Wilson, Valerie Plame. "Fair Game: My Life as a Spy, My Betrayal by the White House". New York: Simon and Schuster, forthcoming October 22, 2007. (Release date subject to change.) ISBN 1416537619 (10). ISBN 978-1416537618 (13).
Wolf, Christopher. "Plame Investigation Is Not a 'Game'." Letter to the Editor. Washington Post, January 18, 2005: A16. [A neighbor of Valerie E. Wilson, Wolf is also a lawyer representing her.]
[edit] External links
CNN Special Reports: CIA Leak Investigation compiled by CNN; incl. interactive timeline of Main Events and "Key Players" (click on photo captioned "Plame").
Interactive Graphic: Timeline of a Leak compiled by The New York Times (double-click on photo captioned "Ms. Wilson").
"Investigations: Disclosure of CIA Agent Identity" and "Disclosure of CIA Agent Identity: Hearing Examines Exposure of Covert CIA Agent Valerie Plame Wilson's Identity". U.S. House Committee on Government Reform (Oversight Committee). March 16, 2007. Accessed July 10, 2007. Hyperlinks in menu, including streaming video of hearing; box with "Documents and Links", featuring documents chart "Disclosures of Valerie Plame Wilson's Classified CIA Employment"PDF (35.9 KiB).
Senate Democratic Policy Committee Hearing, House Government Reform Committee Minority, "A Special Joint Oversight Hearing on the National Security Consequences of Disclosing the Identity of a Covert Intelligence Officer", with link to "Hearing Transcript". July 22, 2005. Accessed August 12, 2007.
"Patrick J. Fitzgerald", U.S. Department of Justice Office of Special Counsel.
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